Vyvanse and Adderall lies in their composition: Adderall contains a mixture of four different amphetamine salts, while Vyvanse contains only one type of amphetamine salt called lisdexamfetamine.
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) is a prodrug that converts into dexamphetamine once absorbed by the body. Adderall's four amphetamine salts include dextroamphetamine saccharate,amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate. Both medications are commonly used in ADHD treatment, and while they share similarities, there are a few important differences that can shape how each one feels in your day-to-day life.
Vyvanse and Adderall are both FDA-approved stimulant meditations for ADHD but they work differently: Vyvanse is convert into dexamphetamine after absorption, producing a gradual, long-lasting effect(10, 14 hours), while Adderall is available in both immediate-release (4, 6 hours) and extended-release (8, 12 hours) forms.
What is Vyvanse
Vyvanse is the brand name for the drug lisdexamfetamine dimesylate. It is a prodrug, meaning that it isn't active until the body metabolizes it, and then it converts into dextroamphetamine after it's absorbed. Dextroamphetamine is a CNS stimulant that helps with ADHD symptoms, including inattention, focus issues, impulse control, and hyperactivity. Vyvanse is FDA-approved to treat ADHD in children ages 6 and older and adults. It is also prescribed to treat patients with binge-eating disorder. As a long-acting stimulant medication, Vyvanse is inactive until it is metabolized, which takes about 1 to 2 hours. Once it is converted to dextroamphetamine in the body, Vyvanse aids the brain in utilizing norepinephrine and dopamine, two neurotransmitters that help regulate ADHD symptoms.
What is Adderall
Adderall is the brand name for a drug that combines amphetamine and dextroamphetamine in a mixed salt formula. It is a CNS stimulant medication that is FDA-approved to treat ADHD in children ages 3 and older, adolescents, and adults. It is also used to treat narcolepsy in children 12 and older and adults. Adderall is available in two forms: extended-release capsules (Adderall XR) and immediate-release tablets (Adderall IR). Adderall IR is often taken two to three times a day, whereas the extended-release is a once-a-day medication. The IR formulation begins working within 30 minutes to an hour, while the ER version can take 1 to 2 hours to start feeling effects. Both of these ADHD medications help to increase dopamine and norepinephrine in the body and use a similar mechanism of action, but they differ in how quickly they work and how long they last.
Side effects of Vyvanse vs Adderall
Because they belong to the same drug class, Vyvanse and Adderall share most of the same side effects. The most common ones include:
- Appetite suppression
- Trouble sleeping
- Dry mouth, headache
- Upset stomach
- Irritability
- Increased heart rate and blood pressure
Which ADHD Medication Has Higher Abuse Potential?
Adderall has greater abuse potential, primarily because it contains free amphetamine salts. Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse's active ingredient) requires red blood cell contact for activation into dextroamphetamine, suggesting built-in abuse-deterrent properties. Unfortunately, no head-to-head trials comparing Vyvanse to Adderall abuse potential exist.
Lisdexamfetamine remains classified as a controlled substance with high abuse potential, and patients prescribed either Vyvanse or Adderall should store medications safely to prevent unauthorized use, as amphetamine-type medicine misuse can cause sudden death, stroke, heart attack, seizures, and psychotic reactions.
Who should avoid these medications?
Both Vyvanse and Adderall are contraindicated in several situations. Do not take these medications if you have:
- Hypersensitivity to amphetamines
- Advanced arteriosclerosis
- Symptomatic cardiovascular disease
- Moderate to severe hypertension
- Hyperthyroidism
- Glaucoma
- Agitated states
- History of substance use disorder
These medications should not be used within 14 days of taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should discuss risks and benefits carefully with their healthcare provider, as amphetamines carry potential risks to developing fetuses and nursing infants.
Cost, Insurance Coverage, and Savings Tips
The cost of Vyvanse and Adderall can vary widely depending on your insurance plan, pharmacy, and whether you are taking a brand-name or generic version. Knowing your options ahead of time, from manufacturer savings programs to generic alternatives, can make a meaningful difference in what you pay out of pocket.
Are generic options available?
Yes, generic options exist for both medications. Generic Adderall has been available for years and offers significant cost savings. Generic lisdexamfetamine became available in 2023, significantly reducing costs for many patients. Generic medications contain the same active ingredients as brand-name versions and are FDA-approved as therapeutically equivalent.
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